Soap and process for cleaning wash water

ABSTRACT

Agents are used as cleaning agents and also as agents to purify the water in water treatment plants. The agents are a mixture of phosphates and fatty acid salts. Precipitation agents are used such as, polyvalent metals. The pH is adjusted. Flocking agents can be used to increase the rate of separation. The purified water is removed after precipitation.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of my prior co-pendingProvisional patent application serial No. 60/438,959, filed Jan. 9, 2003the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if fullyset forth.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] This invention relates to a washing soap and a method forcleaning the resulting wash water.

[0004] 2. Description of the Art

[0005] Many industrial operations involve the cleaning of machinery,clothing, building areas, and personal. The waste water generated fromthese wash operations often contain environmental toxins such as heavymetals, and organic toxins. Many cleaning agents make water treatmentdifficult, especially when environmental pollutant removal is required.

[0006] It is desirable to have a mild nontoxic cleaning agent that doesan excellent job of cleaning equipment, building areas, clothing, andpersonnel. In addition, it is desirable that the same cleaning agentdoes an excellent job of cleaning the waste wash water in the watertreatment area. The cleaning agent itself should place no burden on theenvironment. The agent should be inexpensive and be readily availablethroughout the world.

[0007] Phosphates have been used as cleaning agents for several years.There have been many attempts to restrict their use because theystimulate algae growth. However, they are required to sustain life.

[0008] Fatty acid salts have long been used in the soap industry.Recently soft soaps that are based on potassium fatty acid salts havebeen introduced.

[0009] In earlier patents I have introduced the concept of using fattysoaps as agents to remove environmental toxins. Some municipal watertreatment plants have used phosphates to reduce the level of heavymetals in their treated water.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Summary of the Invention

[0010] I accordance with my invention agents are used as cleaning agentsand also as agents to purify the water in water treatment plants. Forexample, a lead acid battery manufacturing plant could replace theirexisting cleaners with this new double duty cleaning agent. Thisapproach has the following benefits:

[0011] 1. Superior cleaning power;

[0012] 2. Elimination of cleaning agents (such as detergents andnonionic surfactants) which make water treatment difficult andexpensive;

[0013] 3. Elimination of environmentally toxic soaps such as nonionicsurfactants which act as estrogen mimics that harm reproductive health;

[0014] 4. The customer is already paying for soap. Since the new soapacts as a cleaner and a water treatment agent the overall cost is lessfor the customer; and

[0015] 5. By using the soap in all cleaning operations, the customerdoes not have to worry about variable water treatment quality due to thewide variety of cleaning agents used in industrial applications.

[0016] I have invented a soap comprising phosphate salt and fatty acidsalts, in combination. The phosphate salt is selected from the group ofcations consisting of: hydrogen; ammonium; lithium; potassium; andsodium; and the group of anions consisting of: phosphate; pyrophosphate;and polyphosphate.

[0017] The fatty acid salt is selected from the group of anionsconsisting of:

[0018] any fatty acid having carbons in the range of 6 to 36;

[0019] any aromatic acid having carbons in the range of 6 to 36;

[0020] branched chain fatty acid;

[0021] straight chain fatty acid;

[0022] unsaturated fatty acid;

[0023] polyunsaturated fatty acid; and

[0024] aromatic acid;

[0025] and the group of cations consisting of:

[0026] potassium;

[0027] lithium;

[0028] sodium;

[0029] ammonium; and

[0030] amine.

[0031] The soap can be fortified by the addition of an alkaline metalsalt that has a pH greater than 7.

[0032] I have also invented a process for treating water comprising:

[0033] mixing a phosphate fatty acid salt mixture with the water;

[0034] mixing a polyvalent metal precipitation agent with the watermixture;

[0035] adjusting the pH of the mixture to be in the range of 4 to 9; and

[0036] separating purified water from precipitant.

[0037] In this process the precipitation agent may be calcium chlorideand the pH may be adjusted within a pH range of 6 to 9.

[0038] In my process the precipitation agent may be selected from thegroup of anions consisting of:

[0039] polyvalent metal ion;

[0040] calcium;

[0041] magnesium;

[0042] aluminum; and

[0043] iron.

[0044] In my process there may be an additional step of adding flockingagents to the mixture before separating the purified water fromprecipitant.

[0045] In my process there may be a step of adjusting the pH comprisingadding acids, bases or salts.

[0046] I have also invented a washing and water treatment processcomprising the steps of:

[0047] washing articles with soap comprising phosphate salt and

[0048] fatty acid salts, in combination and water;

[0049] and then, treating the resulting soap/water mixture by a processcomprising:

[0050] mixing a polyvalent metal ion precipitation agent with thesoap/water mixture;

[0051] adjusting the pH of the mixture to be in the range of 4 to 9; and

[0052] separating purified water from the resulting precipitant.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0053] My invention is a product and a process. In the first step, Iwash an object with a potassium phosphate soap. This can be done, forexample, by putting the potassium phosphate on a towel in the form of asoap and then washing an object with the towel.

[0054] In the extra-clean version of this invention, I use potassiumfatty acid salts and potassium phosphate.

[0055] Next I rinse the towel and my hands with water. In this case,both would come clean.

[0056] I collect the dirty wash water.

[0057] Then I add calcium chloride to the dirty water so that all of thesoap and dirt precipitate out, leaving only potassium chloride andwater. This can be collected by decanting it. This is, in fact,fertilizer.

[0058] Upon initial examination, the properties of cleaners and watertreatment chemicals appear to be exclusive of one another. Cleanersusually are designed to remove dirt by the promotion of mixing with ordissolution in water via emulsification, suspension, complexation,dissolution, and a host of other mechanisms. Meanwhile, the goal ofwater treatment is to remove all the dirt from the water. Therefore, thebetter the soap the harder it is to treat the water. Many common soapsrequire oxidation or bacterial decomposition to make water treatmenteven possible.

[0059] The best natural soaps actually make the best water treatmentagents when processed properly. For example, phosphates emulsify manygrease like materials and can soften very hard water. If one treats thedirty wash water with standard water treatment chemical salts (such asmagnesium, calcium, iron, aluminum salts), the phosphates are convertedto highly water insoluble salts such as magnesium, calcium, iron, oraluminum phosphates and nontoxic salts such as sodium sulfate or sodiumchloride that have minimal soap or metal complexing properties. Inaddition, formation of these insoluble phosphate salts co-precipitatewith many toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, or mercury.

[0060] I use trisodium phosphate (TSP, a well known cleaner) forcleaning, followed by precipitation with polyvalent metal salts such asaluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate or calcium sulfate in the watertreatments area. This approach leads to reasonable cleaning and areduction of heavy metals in the treated water to about 80 parts perbillion (PPB). However, drinking water standards require even lowerheavy metal levels. The standard for lead is less than 15 PPB.

[0061] When fatty acid soaps are added to the phosphates both cleaningand water treatment performance are increased. In the case of watertreatment, lead levels are reduced to less than 1 PPB.

[0062] The use of sodium phosphates and sodium fatty salts have a fewdisadvantages.

[0063] 1. Sodium in waste water streams contribute to ground watersodium ion buildup which is toxic to many agricultural plants;

[0064] 2. Sodium phosphate has inferior cleaning action compared toammonium or potassium phosphate;

[0065] 3. Sodium fatty acid salts have inferior cleaning action comparedto ammonium or potassium salts; and

[0066] 4. Sodium fatty acid salts tend to form stiff water gels, such asbar soap, that are inconvenient to use compared to liquid ammonium orpotassium salt counterparts.

[0067] Potassium salts are preferred over ammonium salts because theyhave superior cleaning action, are odorless, and do not interfere withwater treatment quality. (Ammonium ions tend to form complexes with manymetal ions such as copper.)

[0068] Potassium ions are nontoxic to plants. Therefore, much higherpotassium levels can be tolerated in waste water streams.

[0069] Saturated fatty acid salts are preferred over unsaturated becausethe saturated fatty acids are easier to remove from water. They also aremuch more stable to oxidation agents such as bleach.

[0070] Many fatty acid salts are effective. Potassium myristate (C12chain) works. Smaller chain fatty acid salts may work, but have badodors under acid conditions and have poor cleaning power. Chain lengthsshorter than C8 are not recommended. Fatty acid salts with chains longerthan C18 (stearate) such as behemate (C22) can work, but require shorterchain fatty acid salts to be effective.

[0071] The best formulation is a mixture of potassium stearate (C18) andmyristate (C14) with tripotassium phosphate. This mixture can removedirty grease from cloth, machinery, and hands, while being able toremove heavy metals from the water in the water treatment plant. Theformulation is a thick liquid that dissolves easily in water.

[0072] In the case of laundry, increasing the pH of the wash water to10-13 by adding alkalizing agents such as potassium hydroxide orpotassium carbonate, in addition to the above mixture, can improvecleaning performance. In cases where the clothing is acidic or salty, itis more economical to pre-rinse the clothing with water; preferably withdeionized water. Pre-rinsing reduces alkalizing demands and improvescleaning performance by reducing salt loading. Deionized or distilledwater is preferred over softened water because softened water haselevated salt levels. Other alkalizing agents such as sodium hydroxideare less preferred, because they reduce washing performance.

[0073] The cleaning agent removes many kinds of dirt such as a grease,particulate dirt, and food stains. However, some stains such as rust andmetal oxides are best removed after the initial cleaning by applyingformic, citric, oxalic, lactic, or acetic acid and many other organicacids. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to these acids can acceleratethe cleaning action. This mixture also dissolves many metals and metaloxides, such as lead. Formic acid is preferred because it is easilydestroyed with oxidation agents such as bleach. Formic acid and itssalts must be destroyed in the water treatment area because theyinterfere with the removal of metal ions from the water by formingstable complexes.

[0074] Soap Formulation: Material Amount in grams Stearic acid 15Myristic acid 15 Potassium Hydroxide 10 Tripotassium Phosphate  30-100(30 is sufficient in most cases) Water 860-930 Total 1,000

[0075] The use of deionized or distilled water improves the cleaningpower of the soap. Softened water is better than hard water, but lesspreferred than distilled or deionized water because it contains salt.

[0076] Water Treatment:

[0077] The waste water generated from the cleaning process is pooledtogether and polyvalent metal salts, such as iron sulfate, are added insufficient amounts to react with most of the phosphate and fatty acidsalts in the soap to form the corresponding metallic salts. After mixingthoroughly the pH is adjusted to the range of 6-9 with an alkaline agentsuch as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide,ammonia, or calcium hydroxide or an acid such as sulfuric, hydrochloric,or phosphoric acid. Flocking agents can be added to accelerate the rateof coagulation. After the coagulation is complete, the clear water isdecanted from the process tank. One may pass the purified water througha filter such as a sand, cartridge, or diatomaceous earth filter toinsure complete particle removal.

[0078] Chemical Reaction:

2K₃PO₄+3CaCl₂=6 KCl (soluble)+Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (insoluble)

2K stearate+CaCl₂=2 KCl+Ca (stearate)₂ (insoluble)

Preferred Precipitation Agents

[0079] Nontoxic no Environment Burden: Iron Sulfate yields high qualitywater Magnesium Sulfate Calcium Sulfate Cheapest and least toxic, butslow processing Aluminum sulfate (Alum) Aluminum toxic to some plants.If no excess is used very little aluminum remains in the water.

[0080] Slightly Less Acceptable Chloride Ion is Toxic to Many Plants atHigh Levels:

[0081] Calcium chloride

[0082] Aluminum chloride

[0083] Ferric chloride

[0084] Magnesium chloride

[0085] Other agents: oxides, hydroxides, carbonate, bicarbonates of thepolyvalent metal ions (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum) maybeused, but may not be quite as effective or may require supplemental pHadjustment agents.

[0086] Flocking Agents:

[0087] Nalco 7194

[0088] 20 ml of 0.1% for 100 grams of cleaner

[0089] Processing conditions pH 7.5 to 8.5 preferred.

[0090] For good lead and phosphate removal levels

[0091] Nalco Ultimer 1452 is also effective

[0092] NOTE: Calcium chloride at pH=8 yields the lowest lead levels.Iron salts yield lowest phosphate level.

[0093] This invention comprises an agent which has both excellentcleaning power and water purification capability.

[0094] The agent also has much better cleaning power than the typicallaundry or hand soap.

[0095] The high phosphate content which is normally considered damagingbecause it promotes algae growth, is processed in such a manner that itbecomes the primary cleaning and water purification component. Thetreated water has low phosphate content and therefore does notcontribute to algae growth.

[0096] The potassium salts have superior cleaning power over sodiumsalts and unlike sodium salts are nontoxic to plants.

[0097] The unique mixture of potassium saturated fatty acid andphosphate salts yields cleaning power and stability not found in othercommercial cleaners. Fatty acids of longer or shorter chains havereduced cleaning power.

[0098] The best lead results are obtained using calcium chloride as aprecipitant and adjusting the pH with hydrochloric acid to pH 8.0. Leadlevels are reduced to less than 1 PPB with a phosphate level of 20 PPM.Increasing the pH to 8.5 yields reduces the phosphate to 1.5 PPM whileincreasing the lead to 1 PPB. What follows is a summary and theexperimental data.

[0099] The combination of phosphates and fatty acid salts to producelead removal levels much lower than phosphate or fatty acid salts alonecould achieve.

[0100] Phosphates alone produce 100 PPB lead, Fatty acids alone produce7 PPB lead, The combination produces less that 1 PPB

[0101] The use of phosphate fatty acid salt mixture than can act as asuperior soap and subsequently act as a superior water treatment agentwhen polyvalent metal ions are added.

[0102] The phosphates used for the soap include any ammonium or alkalimetal salt of a phosphate, pyrophosphate, or polyphosphate. The metalions include lithium, potassium or sodium. Tripotassium phosphate is themost preferred.

[0103] The scope of alkaline metal or ammonium fatty acid salts includeany saturated fatty acid salt having 8 to 36 carbons. The fatty acidsmay be branched or straight chain. The most preferred are potassiumfatty acid mixtures. Small amounts of unsaturated or polyunsaturatedfatty acid salts can be used to stabilized the soap. Potassium oleate isuseful.

[0104] The soap may be fortified by adding an alkaline agent, such asalkali metal hydroxides and carbonate. The most preferred is potassiumhydroxide.

[0105] The precipitation agent can be any polyvalent metal ion includingcalcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. Halogen metal salts yield thebest results such calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, and ferricchloride.

[0106] The preferred pH adjusting agents are alkaline metals salts orammonium salts for increasing the pH, including hydroxides, carbonates,bicarbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, silicates. Themost preferred is potassium hydroxide. Preferred agents for reducing thepH are mineral acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric acid oracid polyvalent metal salts such as aluminum chloride, ferric chloride,ferric sulfate, and aluminum sulfate

[0107] The invention can be used an as a water treatment agent alone oras soap and subsequently used as a water treatment composition.

[0108] For treating water, the process would be:

[0109] Add the phosphate fatty acid salt mixture to the water and mix

[0110] Add the polyvalent metal ion precipitation agent to the water andmix

[0111] Adjust the pH to 8.5 (a pH range 4 to 9 is acceptable)

[0112] Separated purified water from precipitant (decant, filter,centrifuge or other separation method)

[0113] (Flocking agents can be added to increase the rate of theseparation)

[0114] This process can be used to remove toxic metals from water suchas lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, copper, zinc, uranium, nickel,chromium.

[0115] For Acting as a Soap and Water Treatment the Process is:

[0116] Wash articles such as clothing, machinery, or soil with soap,then use the same process described for treating water.

[0117] Laundry

[0118] Laundry development has proved to be economical and effective inwashing equipment, hands, clothing, and water. The presence of phosphateand magnesium ions, and adjusting the pH with sulfuric acid to neutral(7.0) yields lead levels of 90 PPB. Magnesium sulfate requires the leastamount of flocking agent to produce rapid settling. This part of thecomposition removes the majority of the lead from the water. The fattyacids act as a polishing agent to remove the last 100 PPB. The additionof fatty acids even short chain C12 Lauric acid produces lead levels ofless than 6 PPB. The best results are produced near pH=7. A pH range of7 to 9 would be an easy process target and yield good results. Thedelicate part of the formulation is the fatty acid compositionrequirements to produce clean clothing. A 50/50 blend of potassiumMyristate(C14) and Stearate(C18) salts product the best cleaningresults. Other compositions such C14/C16, C12/C18, C12, C14, C16, C18produce unstable mixtures or yield poor cloth cleaning results.Phosphate and potassium hydroxide content can be varied and stillproduced a stable soap with good cleaning ability.

[0119] Sample Soap Formulas that Work Composition of laundry soap per100 ml (balance is water) Myristic Stearic Potassium cloth Acid AcidHydroxide TripotassiumPhoshate cleaning 1.5 gram 1.5 gram 1 3 excellent1.5 1.5 1 15 good 1.5 1.5 6 10 OK

[0120] This composition is good in laundry cleaning because is requiresless soap to increase pH. However, the cleaning power is not as good andit is more corrosive to the skin. It may be preferred to run waterthrough an ion exchange bed to reduce the soap demand.

[0121] Sodium salts produce soaps that do not clean quite as well andplace a sodium burden on the land.

[0122] Laundry Soap Results Sample ID K3PO4 Na3KPO4 Kstearate Na laurateMgSO4 AlSO4 pH lead in PPB A X X 8.7 71 B X X 7.0 90 C X X X 8.5 39 D XX X 7.5 less than 5 E X X X 8.0 6

[0123] SAMPLE 1(A)

[0124] 0.5 gram lead oxide

[0125] 1 gram tripotassium phosphate

[0126] 500 gram water

[0127] mixing and let settle for 30 minutes

[0128] pH 11.6

[0129] decant

[0130] add 4 grams magnesium sulfate heptahydrate mix pH=8.7 mix 2 gram7194 0.1% nalco flocking agent mix 2 minute 2 minute settle. Decantthrough paper filter (settling in 2 minutes)

[0131] SAMPLE 2(B)

[0132] 0.5 gram lead oxide

[0133] 1 gram tripotassium phosphate

[0134] 500 gram water

[0135] mixing and let settle for 30 minutes

[0136] pH 11.8

[0137] decant

[0138] add 0.5 grams aluminum ammonium sulfate

[0139] 40 grams 0.1% nalco 9174 Nalco

[0140] pH 7

[0141] SAMPLE 3(C)

[0142] 0.5 gram lead oxide

[0143] 1 gram tripotassium phosphate

[0144] 1 gram K stearate

[0145] 500 gram water

[0146] mixing and let settle for 30 minutes

[0147] pH 12.0

[0148] add 10 gram Magnesium Sulfate heptahydrate mix pH 9.6

[0149] adjust with sulfuric acid to 8.5

[0150] 10 grams 0.15% flocking agent 7194 Nalco

[0151] more bulking than sample 1

[0152] SAMPLE 4(D)

[0153] 0.5 gram lead oxide

[0154] 1 gram tripotassium phosphate

[0155] 1 gram K stearate

[0156] 500 gram water

[0157] mixing and let settle for 30 minutes

[0158] pH 12.0

[0159] add 10 gram Magnesium Sulfate heptahydrate mix pH 9.6

[0160] adjust with sulfuric acid to pH 7.5

[0161] 5 grams 0.15% flocking agent7194 nalco

[0162] more bulk than sample 1

[0163] Bulk=Mg PO4 and Mg stearate the rest is soluble in water. Foreach gram of lead 3 grams of sediment would result.

[0164] Sodium Stearate Produces a soap that is too stiff in conjunctionwith Trisodium phosphate (TSP)

[0165] Not usable

[0166] SAMPLE 5(E)

[0167] 500 ml water

[0168] 1 gram Trisodium Phosphate

[0169] 1 gram Lauric acid (very soluble sodium salt)

[0170] 0.4 gram NaOH

[0171] 0.5 PbO

[0172] very uniform easy to settle out lead

[0173] pH=11.6

[0174] add 4 MgSO4 7 H2O

[0175] adjust pH to 8.0

[0176] easy to filter.

[0177] The laundry soap continues to yield good results. The water wastreated with magnesium sulfate and the pH adjusted to 7. The lead levelincrease to 83 PPB therefore pH 7.5 may be preferred. The phosphorouslevel was (385 PPM)

[0178] A second sample was treated with iron sulfate and the pH adjustedto 7 this gave low lead 8 PPB and low phosphorus (1.6 PPM). Iron gavethe best results in both cases.

[0179] Low lead levels are best achieved with calcium chloride as theprecipitant and high pH values of 8 to 9 Lead is reduced to less than 1PPB in some cases. Iron chloride is the precipitant of choice, when lowphosphate levels of less than 10 PPM are desired and low lead levels aredesired a lower pH value of 6. Iron requires a lot more flocking agent.Calcium carbonate can be used in place of calcium chloride if the pH isadjusted with hydrochloric acid.

[0180] Clothes wash well with 100 ml of soap per load and the pHadjusted to 9 with potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide. Sodiumhydroxide or sodium carbonate can be used, but washing power is reduced.

[0181] The soap can be used directly as a hand wash and metal partdegreaser.

[0182] Flocking agent is used at a rate of 5 gram of a 1% solution ofUltimer 1452 per 100 ml of soap used.

[0183] The phosphate is the main work horse concerning removing the bulkof the lead, but the fatty acids do the critical role of removing thelast 100 PPB from the water.

[0184] Three water samples were prepared to confirm the role of pH andiron.

[0185] Water Results:

[0186] The water results the alkaline pH such as 8 are preferred forminimizing lead and phosphate levels. As pH decreases, the level ofphosphate increases dramatically however the lead level remains low.Calcium sulfate performs well in reducing lead levels, but phosphateremains elevated. This occurs because the sulfate ion competes with thephosphate ion

[0187] The data implies that one could go to pH=9 and have equal orbetter results. Lower pH levels such 5 or 4 maybe possible, butphosphate level would definitely escalate, unless Calcium Chloride werereplaced with Ferric Chloride, Due to the fact that Iron Phosphate evenunder acidic conditions has a very low solubility.

[0188] Soap Formulation: Material Amount in grams Stearic acid 15Myristic acid 15 Potassium Hydroxide 10 Tripotassium Phosphate 30 Water930 Total 1,000

[0189] Sample 1 (A) Less than 1 PPB lead 20.1 PPM Phosphate

[0190] 25 ml soap

[0191] 0.5 gram PbO

[0192] 500 ml water

[0193] mix, and then decant water

[0194] Add Calcium chloride solution (0.9 M) 25 grams of 10% solution.And mix

[0195] Adjust pH with sulfuric acid to pH=8

[0196] Add 10 ml of 0.2% Nalco Ultimer 1452 and mix. Clumping happens inseconds

[0197] Filter water.

[0198] Sample 2 (B)(10 PPB Lead, 34.7 PPM Phosphate)

[0199] 25 ml soap

[0200] 0.5 gram PbO

[0201] 500 ml water

[0202] mix, and then decant water

[0203] Add Calcium chloride solution (0.9 M) 25 grams of 10% solution.And mix

[0204] Adjust pH with sulfuric acid to pH=7

[0205] Add 10 ml of 0.2% Nalco Ultimer 1452 and mix. Clumping happens inseconds

[0206] Filter water.

[0207] Sample 3 (C)(1.7 PPB Lead 593 PPM Phosphate)

[0208] 25 ml soap

[0209] 0.5 gram PbO

[0210] 500 ml water

[0211] mix, and then decant water

[0212] Add Calcium chloride solution (0.9 M) 25 grams of a 10% solution.And mix

[0213] Adjust pH with sulfuric acid to pH=6

[0214] Add 5 ml of 0.2% Nalco Ultimer 1452 and mix. Clumping happens inseconds

[0215] Filter water. Lower pH requires less flocking agent. This filtersthe fastest and dewaters the easiest

[0216] Sample 4 (D) (1.20 PPB lead, 497 PPM Phosphate)

[0217] 25 ml soap

[0218] 0.5 gram PbO

[0219] 500 ml water

[0220] mix, and then decant water

[0221] Add Calcium Sulfate powder 4 grams. And mix.

[0222] Adjust pH with sulfuric acid to pH=7

[0223] Add 10 ml of 0.2% Nalco Ultimer 1452 and mix. Clumping happens inseconds

[0224] Filter water.

[0225] Reaction is slower. Water is not completely clear.

[0226] When reviewing all of the water results Iron sulfate appears toyield good lead results 8 PPB and superior phosphate(1.6 PPM) results.However, calcium chloride yields the best lead results (less than 1 PPB)at pH 8.

[0227] In view of these results, it appears that ferric chloride and pH8 would yield the best results. Ferric chloride should produce thelowest lead and phosphate levels over the broadest range of pH that mostmunicipal water treatment plants accept(pH 5 to 9). In addition, leadphosphate, lead chloride, and iron phosphate are all highly waterinsoluble. The potassium chloride produced yields a common ion effectthat makes lead, iron, and phosphate salts even more water insoluble.The sulfate ion completes with the phosphate ion which in turn produceshigher phosphate levels.

[0228] Laundry Soap:

[0229] The laundry soap continues to yield good results. The water wastreated with magnesium sulfate and the pH adjusted to 7. The lead levelincreased to 83 PPB therefore pH 7.5 may be preferred. The phosphorouslevel was (385 PPM)

[0230] A second sample was treated with iron sulfate and the pH adjustedto 7 this gave low lead 8 PPB and low phosphorus (1.6 PPM). Iron gavethe best results in both cases.

[0231] Laundry Soap Results Sample ID K3PO4 Na3KPO4 Kstearate Na laurateMgSO4 AlSO4 pH lead in PPB A X X 8.7 71 B X X 7.0 90 C X X X 8.5 39 D XX X 7.5 less than 5 E X X X 8.0 6

[0232] The goal is prove the full range of the new soap.

[0233] Aluminum is implicated in Alzheimers disease best kept to lessthan 200 PPB Iron 300 PPB (limit due to staining, and metallic taste)

[0234] Chloride 250 PPM (limit due to salty taste)

[0235] Calcium no restriction

[0236] Phosphate minimal restriction

[0237] Drinking water requirement is much higher 6.5 to 8.5 Target is 7to 8.5, 15 PPB for lead used to be 50 PPB, sewer much less stringent pH5 to 10 OK, heading to 6 to 10 to minimize corrosion problems. Metallevel requirements are also much less.

[0238] I prefer to meet drinking water standards because it doesn't costanymore to attain these levels. Calcium Chloride achieves these levels.However, iron chloride keeps phosphate levels low at acid pH levels

[0239] Experiment Iron chloride sample at pH 5, 7 and 9.

[0240] Calcium Carbonate is worth one test, simply because it is socheap and leaves the water so clean. The big question is will it reactwith potassium phosphate to form calcium phosphate and potassiumcarbonate. Calcium carbonate and lead carbonate are highly insoluble.

[0241] The more concentrated the soap the better. Shipping costs caneasily dominate the price of a product.

[0242] Sample A

[0243] 25 GRAM SOAP

[0244] 500 ML WATER

[0245] 0.5 GRAM LEAD OXIDE

[0246] Mix and filter

[0247] Add 3 grams calcium carbonate mix

[0248] PH remained at 12, pH adjusted to 9 with hydrochloric acid. 5grams of 0.2% of Nalco Ultimer1452 added. Water cleared and settledrapidly. Very little hydrochloric acid was required to adjust the pH.

[0249] 198 ppm phosphate 1 ppb lead

[0250] Sample B

[0251] 25 GRAM SOAP

[0252] 500 ML WATER

[0253] 0.5 GRAM LEAD OXIDE

[0254] Mix and filter

[0255] It takes very little Ferric Chloride to adjust the pH to 6.However, it take 50 grams of 0.2% of Nalco Ultimer1452 polymer to getthe iron to fall out. In addition, when just enough ferric chloride isused to produce pH 9,8,7 or even 6.5 the iron does not fall out.Therefore, ferric salts are only desirable when large phosphate knockdown at acidic pH (6) is required. The clarity is not as good as withcalcium chloride

[0256] Calcium chloride remains the precipitant of choice. Adjust pHwith Hydrochloric acid 49 ppm phosphate 2 ppb lead

[0257] Sample C

[0258] 25 GRAM SOAP

[0259] 500 ML WATER

[0260] 0.5 GRAM LEAD OXIDE

[0261] Mix and filter

[0262] Add 2.5 grams calcium chloride mix

[0263] PH fell to 8.5 upon the addition of calcium chloride alone. 5grams of 0.2% of Nalco Ultimer1452 added. Water cleared and settled.

[0264] 1.5 ppm phosphate 2.5 ppb lead

[0265] Ferric chloride can be used in small amounts to trim phosphatelevels.

[0266] Water Treatment

[0267] Add calcium chloride to match soap input then adjust pH to 8.5with hydrochloric acid/calcium hydroxide

[0268] Add 5 grams of 0.2% Nalco Ultimer 1452

[0269] Calcium chloride at pH=8.5 yields the best lead 1 PPB andphosphate 1.5 PPM results

[0270] Ferric chloride yields great lead 2 PPB and moderate phosphate 49PPM at pH=6.

[0271] Calcium carbonate at pH=9 yields 1 PPB lead and phosphate of 198PPM.

1. A soap comprising: phosphate salt; and fatty acid salts, incombination.
 2. The soap of claim 1 wherein the phosphate salt isselected from the group of cations consisting of: hydrogen; ammonium;lithium; potassium; and sodium; and the group of anions consisting of:phosphate; pyrophosphate; and polyphosphate.
 3. The soap of claim 1wherein the fatty acid salt is selected from the group of anionsconsisting of: any fatty acid having carbons in the range of 6 to 36;any aromatic acid having carbons in the range of 6 to 36; branched chainfatty acid; straight chain fatty acid; unsaturated fatty acid;polyunsaturated fatty acid; and aromatic acid; and the group of cationsconsisting of: potassium; lithium; sodium; ammonium; and amine.
 4. Thesoap of claim 1 fortified by the addition of an alkaline metal salt thathas a pH greater than
 7. 5. A process for treating water comprising:mixing a phosphate fatty acid salt mixture with the water; mixing apolyvalent metal precipitation agent with the water mixture; adjustingthe pH of the mixture to be in the range of 4 to 9; and separatingpurified water from the resulting precipitant.
 6. The process of claim 5wherein the precipitation agent is calcium chloride and the pH isadjusted within a pH range of 6 to
 9. 7. The process of claim 5 whereinthe precipitation agent is selected from the group of anions consistingof: polyvalent metal ion; calcium; magnesium; aluminum; and iron.
 8. Theprocess of claim 5 wherein the additional step of adding flocking agentsto the mixture before separating the purified water from theprecipitant.
 9. The process of claim 5 wherein the step of adjusting thepH comprises adding acids, bases or salts.
 10. A washing and watertreatment process comprising the steps of: washing articles with soapcomprising phosphate salt and fatty acid salts, in combination andwater; and then, treating the resulting soap/water mixture by a processcomprising: mixing a polyvalent metal ion precipitation agent with thesoap/water mixture; adjusting the pH of the mixture to be in the rangeof 4 to 9; and separating purified water from the resulting precipitant.